Candide Essay example - 579 Words

Candide Candide, written by Voltaire during the 18th century is a celebrated novel known for its strong criticism of the Middle Ages and Enlightenment expressed by Voltaire. During the transformation from the Middle Ages to The Enlightenment, social, religious and political ideas were rejected and emphasis was placed on rationalism. Three examples of this notion that are expressed in Candide are as follows. Social conduct that was normally practiced during the 18th century was thrown out of the window during the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers were famous for piercing criticism. Civilians were steadily gaining the newfound knowledge presented by various prodigies during this century. Most people were beginning to think for†¦show more content†¦This was also expressed by Voltaire through a character of Candide. In the book, when Martin tells the story of his life, he refers to two religious ideologies. The Surinamese and the Socinians. He states that the Surinamese clergy persecuted him because they thought he was a Socinian. The Socinians were a Christian sect formed during the Reformation. They rejected the divinity of Christ, the trinity, and original sin. Many people of this era were beginning to do the same thing. At one point, almost everyone practiced the Catholic religion. All things changed though, communities were beginning to allude to new religions thus shunnin g the Catholic religion. Some even declared that they did not believe in God at all. One of these newfound religions, which Martin claims to be, is Manichaeism. These followers believe in the basis of good and evil rather than all good and the all-mighty God. This way of thinking shocked other people of the communities, but little did they know that it would be something expanded upon and fought for in the centuries to come. Politics, during the 18th century, were not what someone of our modern day would think they were. The nobles ran all cities, created and controlled all laws. Those who were in such positions to make these decisions believed to have been lucky enough to be born into wealth and dignity. ThisShow MoreRelatedVoltaire s Candide And `` Candide ``936 Words   |  4 PagesEven though, the broadway play complements Voltaire’s novel, Candide, there are noticeable changes made. These changes are made in order to captivate the audience. Considering the change in time period when Voltaire originally wrote Candide, the changes needed to be made in order to contain more modern aspects that the audience would be drawn to. These changes will be discussed throughout the deliberation of the play, but the most important noticed change would be the doubling of the narrator toRead More Voltaires Candide: The Transformation of Candide Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesVoltaires Candide: The Transfo rmation of Candide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Candide (1991), which is another version of Voltaire by French writer Francois-Marie Arouet, is a short but diverse story that tells of a young mans journey for love and the hardships he faces all the while keeping a very strong, positive and philosophical outlook on life. The book starts in an unknown year, hinted sometime around the Renaissance, with a young man named Candide. Candide loves the princess of a Baron and is banished fromRead MoreThe Novel Candide 1535 Words   |  7 PagesCandide, a story written by Voltaire, is a travel literature that takes away women’s freedom. This story talks about the concept of optimism in the characters’ lives. According to Margaret A. Bodena man may make no claims, but merely (habitually) describe situations in a positive rather than a negative way, and the question of justification may not even arise† (A. Boden). Women in this story fail to accept the principle of optimism. This is because everything in their lives is not for theRead MoreCandide Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesCandide Essay Compare/Contrast of 2 Characters Throughout the story of Candide, the author Voltaire uses many of the characters to portray important things in life. The two characters that Voltaire used the most were Candide and Pangloss. Voltaire used these two characters to represent a particular idea or folly that he had about the world. In the story Candide, Voltaire is always portraying his own ideas by using the characters to illustrate his own ideas. Candide and Pangloss represent theRead MoreEssay on Candide658 Words   |  3 Pages CANDIDE By Voltaire nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout Candide the author, Voltaire, demonstrates the character’s experiences in a cruel world and his fight to gain happiness. In the beginning Candide expects to achieve happiness without working for his goal and only taking the easy way out of all situations. However, by the end of the book the character realized that to achieve happiness a lot of work, compromises, and sacrifices are necessary. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Candide isRead MoreCandide Paper1355 Words   |  6 PagesCandide is a fictional satire of the optimism many philosophers had for life in general during the mid 1700’s written in response to Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man. Written by Voltaire, the literary alias of Francois-Marie Arouet, the satire covers religion, the wealthy, love, why people thought natural disasters occurred and especially, philosophy. The novel even goes on to make fun of the art of literature by giving ridiculous chapter headings. Just about everything Voltaire put into CandideRead MoreCandide and Free Will1653 Words   |  7 PagesVoltaires Candide is a novel that is interspersed with superficial characters and conceptual ideas that are critically exaggerated and satirized. The parody offers cynical themes disguised by mockeries and witticism, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life narrowed to the concept of free will as opposed to blind faith dri ven by desire for an optimistic outcome. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic by PanglossRead MoreCandide by Voltaire948 Words   |  4 PagesVoltaire’s novel, Candide, encompasses a lot of things. This includes mockery of the beliefs of an opposing philosopher of the Enlightenment period . But perhaps the most powerful of his satires in his novel is on religion. Voltaire believes in God, but rather a forceful disapproval of religion. He believes that all people should serve God in their own way instead of being told how to believe God through religious officials. The first example of Voltaire mocking religion is after Candide leaves the castleRead More Candide Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire’s novella, Candide, incorporates many themes, yet concentrates a direct assault on the ideas of Leibniz and Pope. These two well-known philosophers both held the viewpoint that the world created by God was the best of all possibilities, a world of perfect order and reason. Pope specifically felt that each human being is a part of God’s great and all knowing plan or design for the world. Voltaire had a very opposite point of view in that he saw a world of needlessRead MoreMWDS Candide4817 Words   |  20 Pages Major Work Data Sheet: Candide Title: Candide Author: Voltaire Date of Publication: 1759 Genre: Satire, ‘Conte Philosophique’ (Philosophical Fiction) Biographical information about the author: Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 in Paris, France. Though his father wanted him to become a lawyer, Voltaire long held a great passion for writing, and rather than going to law school, spent his time extensively composing poetry, essays, and historical studies. His widespread

Violence Portrayed By The Media Essay - 1101 Words

Summary of Literature An overview of the literature discusses the influence media portrays on adolescents. Some propose that the authors are projecting that the youth are negatively effected by the media. Others, however, believe that violence portrayed by the media does not have any real long-term effects on the well being on youths. The three articles selected consider their evidence for this controversial subject. According to Anderson, the discussion on whether or not media has a negative effect of the youth is being argued. He uses prime sources and conducts studies to expand the data that he has gathered. During these field studies, he observed that the participants were affected slightly from the shown examples being displayed.†¦show more content†¦The differences between the three articles are that the researchers used different techniques to conduct their findings. For example, according to Browne, different methodologies were used to determine how social and media affects adolescents, teenagers, and young adults. The researcher used tests such as surveys and publications to determine their findings. Although extensive research was conducted, the findings show that there is no long-term effect on young adults. This may be debated in years to come as social media is advancing so rapidly. In Timmer’s article, his research includes data dating back to 1934 when The Motion Picture Code had film restrictions such as crime and sex (29). Although these restrictions were not totally enforced, The Motion Picture Production Code was forced to take different approaches for fear of backlash. Such steps included submitted scripts to the PCA and fining studios that did not comply with the Code (Black 181-82). In 1969, the code was replaced by the Motion Picture Association and included the (Valenti) movie-rating system (30). Some testing that Anderson used consisted of cross-sectional surveys. This allowed him to gather evidence displayed from the tests. He observed physical aggression, verbal aggression, and aggressive thoughts. Research methods were used to examine youngsters of different ages and from different cultures. The results of these tests were examined. The participants did notShow MoreRelatedBlack Women Stereotypes763 Words   |  4 Pagespopular image on reality television. The typical stereotype about Black men is the violent, misogynistic thug, and the ever-enduring pimp. These images portrayed in media and popular culture createpowerful ideology about race and gender, which affects daily experiences of Black women in America. With few healthy relationships portrayed in the media, Black women are left to make decisions based on the options they have and the options they perceive. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand whyRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of Women And Minorities At The University Of Oregon876 Words   |  4 PagesIn the† The construction of Masculinity in fast food TV Advertising â₠¬Å"Carrier Packwood , Freeman and Debra Merskin , Professors and studies how the media portrays veganism and animal production at the University of Georgia, Debra also teaches and does research on the media portrayal of women and minorities at the University of Oregon . It is challenging that gender has been used construct characters. The authors portray different stereotypes in commercials or advertisements in general which areRead MoreGender And The Media By Rosalind Gill1596 Words   |  7 Pages Book Review of Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill addresses gender stereotypes that are brought onto women and men through the media resulting in objectification and subjectification. Gill discusses how the representation of gender is altered as a result of the media in Western societies. Gender and the Media is aimed to address the rapid transmission of media and how those changes affect the construction of feminine and masculine gender roles in societyRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society Today911 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com, â€Å"media† is defined as means of communication that reach and influence society or people widely. For instance, radios, televisions, newspapers, and magazines are forms of media. The influence the media has around the globe is profound, therefore, in this essay, I am going to discuss the impact that media has on the society today. Although social media can connect all people in the world instantly, the negative effects have a great impact on the society because itRead MoreSexism : Gender And The Oppression Of Women1376 Words   |  6 PagesAll of the issues mentioned are found throughout many aspects of society, and they are still reflected in the media and television. Television shows such as â€Å"Family Guy† are a prime example of this with its crude satirical humor that more often than not, portrays gender stereotypes and women in a bad light. A theme of gender and the oppression of women commonly occurs in this show. The essay, â€Å"Marked Women, Unmarked Men† by Deborah Tannen adds to this argument by stating the ways women are looked atRead MoreEssay about Violence In The Media1222 Words   |  5 Pagesamp;#61614; Violence in the Mediaamp;#61614; It’s the ever-present question that has been asked by authorities, educational institutes and parents alike. Does violence in the media influence the behavior of society? Some say yes, others say no. Other questions posed that I will try to clarify in this essay are those to do with what, if anything is being done to control this virus. To fully comprehend these questions we must first understand what is meant by violence in the media, and whom itRead MoreAre Purchasing Products For The Good Reasons911 Words   |  4 PagesPackwood, Freeman and Debra Mersin, Professors and studies how the media portrays veganism and animal production at the University of Georgia, Debra also teaches and does research on the media portrayal of women and minorities at the University of Oregon .Gender has repeatedly been a victim of negative stereotypes. Today negative characters are constructed through advertisement or commercials and people are embracing them. In the essay the authors portray stereotypes in commercials or advertisementsRead MoreClassical Influences On Modern Films And Literature1171 Words   |  5 Pagesand are regarded by numerous scholars as the foundation of humanities in various fields. In popular culture, Ancient Greece and Rome are portrayed substantially in books and movies; however, not many people are aware of how they also shape our thoughts, ideals, and motivations. Through an analysis of classical elements often portrayed in popular media, this essay attempts to illustrate how the representation of classical Greece and Rome in books and movies influence our lives and emphasize the needRead MoreTwo Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt: Advertising and Violence Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesWays a Woman Can get Hurt: Advertising and Violence,† the author Jean Kilbourne describes how advertising and violence is a big problem for women. Although her piece is a little scrambled, she tries to organize it with different types of advertisement. Women a re seen as sex objects when it comes to advertising name brand products. Corporate representatives justify selling and marketing for a product by how a woman looks. Kilbourne explains how the media is a big influence on how men perceive womenRead MoreAncient Greece And Rome Vs. Rome1179 Words   |  5 Pagesand are regarded by numerous scholars as the foundation of humanities in various fields. In popular culture, Ancient Greece and Rome are portrayed substantially in books and movies; however, not many people are aware of how they also shape our thoughts, ideals, and motivations. Through an analysis of classical elements often portrayed in popular media, this essay attempts to illustrate how the representation of ancient Greece and Rome in books and movies influence our lives and emphasize the need

Evaluate The Use Of Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Question: Discuss about the Evaluate The Use Of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology. Answer: Introduction Radio Frequency identification or RFID makes use of electromagnetic and electrostatic coupling in the portion of Radio Frequency electromagnetic spectrum used in uniquely identifying an object. This technology makes use of the electromagnetic fields in identifying and tracking the tags attached to the objects (Finkenzeller, 2010). The report discusses the working principal of the RFID technology and explains the business and technical problems associated with this technology. The limitations, problems and the prospects of success in the market place are discussed in the following paragraphs. How the technology works? RFID or radio frequency identification is a technology that is capable of reading the digital data encoded in the different RFID tags. The working principal of RFID is similar to that of barcoding but offers several other advantages one of which is that an RFID tag can be read even outside the line of sight or through a large distance (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay Kurata, 2012). RFID utilizes radio waves to identify the objects automatically and to collect data about them. This data can be directly entered into computer systems without any human intervention and therefore, this technology is most widely used. The main components of an RFID include an RFID tag or label, an RFID reader and an antenna. The tags used in radio frequency identification consist of integrated circuit and an antenna that are used to for transmitting data to the receiver or the reader. The reader is then responsible for converting the radio waves into a usable form of data. The information, which are collected from the tags are generally transferred with the help of an interface that facilitates communication to a host computer for data storage and analysis of the data (Lehpamer, 2012). The tag chip illustrated in the image of figure1 identifies the host item. It powers themselves from a connectivity devices radio waves and are readable up to a range of 30 feet. This chip is generally preprogrammed with a tag identifier. This tag identifier consists of a unique serial number that is generally assigned by the chip manufacturer. Different tag antennas are used to collect energy, which is channelized to the chip in order to turn it on. The tag readers and antennas of RFID work together in reading tags (Ertl et al., 2013). The antennas are responsible for converting the electrical current into electromagnetic waves. These electromagnetic waves are then radiated into space, and are received by a tag antenna that converts it back to electrical current. This is how the RFID technology helps in identifying objects with RFID tags. The business or technical problem, RFID solves The major problem that the implementation of RFID solves is the improvement of accuracy in locating inventory, which further helps in reducing the costs and increasing the sales. This provides an ample benefit from the business point of view. RFID integrated tags replaces the traditional hand tags that helps in locating or keeping a track of the objects more easily. The benefit of RFID is that it increases the store inventory accuracy and reduces the number of out of stock products that helps in increasing the sales. From a technical point of view, RFID removes the need of human intervention for tag detection that considerably reduces the employment costs and human errors, which is beneficial for business point of view as well. Furthermore, since there is no line of sight is required in RID technologies, the phenomenon of tag placement is less constrained (Zhong et al., 2015). It further provides added benefits over traditional barcodes as it generally has a longer read range. The read/ write memory capability further removes the need of barcode. Technically it can store a large amounts of data along with a unique identifier that completely removes the need of the traditional tags or barcodes. The technical problem of generic identification of the items is solved by RFID technology. It can be further combined with sensors and automatic reading that reduces the time lags and inaccuracies or errors in an inventory. RFID tags are therefore designed for meeting all these business requirements and constraints. The comparison of QRCODE and RFID are elaborated in the following table- QRCODE RFID QR Codes are similar to barcodes that contains information, which can be read by QR reader. QR codes can be scanned by a camera equipped device including smartphones. Therefore, it does not require much technical knowledge (Barrera, Mira Torroba, 2013) QRCODES is substantially cheaper and can be implemented easily. A QR code does not need access to database unlike RFID, in order to decode a relevant information. Radio frequency identification or RFID makes use of electromagnetic waves to locate and read data stored in the RFID tags. RFID requires more technological knowledge and hand holding than QRCODES. RFID however requires special RFID chips for transmitting a relevant code. RFID further requires specialized equipment as it involves an expensive piece of scanning equipment for scanning and decoding the RFID tags (Dwivedi et al., 2013). Limitations of RFID Technology The major limitations of the RFID technology are listed below (Expsito Cuias, 2013)- The cost of an RFID tag is although very little, considerably a large investment is required to implement this technology, that does not pay off always. The major functionality of RFID is tagging and tracking, but since the cost of implementation of the system is huge, it is not an economically viable option for tagging or tracking any low value goods. The process of reading multiple RFID tags simultaneously is not an easy task. Signals from different tags may collide in process thus interfering with other signals. However, there are certain techniques for detangling such signals but implementation of those techniques further increases the operation costs of RFID and therefore, these techniques are not considered as a feasible option. Another major limitation of RFID technology is that there is no particular RFID standard and the technology of smart tag is needed to be perfected as well. Physical limitations of reading through liquid or metal adds to another major concern of RFID technology. The problems that are created in association with the limitations discussed above includes increase in the operational cost instead of reducing the cost of using the traditional tags. Another problem associated with the RFID is maintain the security and privacy of the operations. The possible solutions to this includes authentication and cryptography. Tag relabeling is a technique of relabeling the unique identifier of a tag with a new unique identifier. This eliminates the unauthorized uses of any objects. The issue arises as the RFID tags has even the potential for tracking consumers without their consent and knowledge. This counts to the personal privacy threats, where an individuals behavior is inferred by monitoring the group of tags. Therefore, different security measures such as encryption, tag password, blocker tags and so on can be used as a possible solution to these problems. An organizations implementation of RFID Technology SGH Pharmacy in Singapore uses RFID technology to increase the operational efficiency and to enhance the medication safety. With the implementation of this technology, the work of the pharmacist became even more easier. The pharmacist only needs to turn around to pick up the baskets. The basket will contain the right medications for dispensing to the patients. The implementation of the RFID technology has made it possible to eliminate the human errors that are associated with the packing processes of the organization that were previously relied on manual resources. When the RFID system was not implemented in the organization, the packing and assembling of the prescription medications proved to be labor intensive and time consuming (Yao et al., 2012). With the implementation of the new RFID system in the organization, the pharmacy technicians are guided by the RFID enabled drug bin to the correct drug bin, which improves the efficiency of the packing process of the medicines. Thus imp lementation of RFID in SGH has considerably helped in increasing the efficiency of the work in the organization along with the reduction of human errors. Working Principal The system needs the patients to present the prescription at a registered counter to be reviewed by the pharmacist. The prescription after review is placed in a basket incorporated with RFID tags, which is in turn placed on a conveyor belt for triggering the process of packing the medicines. The medications are then packed through LED guided pick. The RFID readers strategically locates the real time tracking and manages the operations more effectively (Xia et al., 2012). RFID Technology Success in the Marketplace RFID technology has enormous benefits but the potential of RFID is not realized fully by the end users. Nevertheless, this technology has brought a revolution in the market of supply chain management. RFID not only replaced the usage of bar codes from the marketplace, but also ensures that the right goods are available in their place reducing the human error to Zero. With the advent of RFID, the supply chain management becomes more precise, which in turn increases the efficiency and reliability of the entire supply chain (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay Kurata, 2012). One of the fastest moving market in the world is the market of fast moving consumer goods. The use of RFID tags is wide spread in these industries as the use of the RFID tags and readers, a large number of products can be counted in seconds. This reduces the manual labor to a considerable amount. This is possible as the RFID tags can be scanned automatically without being in the line of sight. Furthermore, The RFID tags are capable of storing more information than barcode and therefore its use is widespread in the marketplace. To sum up, use of RFID in FMCGs is widespread as it helps in reducing the manual labor, helps in cost cutting, improves the visibility of goods, which in turn improves the business planning and strategies. The use of RFID is widespread in warehouse management as well. This is because, keeping a track of large number of cartons is very complex and time consuming. With the use of RFID, keeping a track of the large number of materials in the warehouse becomes easier as well. Therefore, it can be said that the success rate of RFID is tremendous in different business sector and marketplace (Hutter Schmidt, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that RFID technology has a varied use in different business and is mainly used for tracking and tagging of the objects. The report discusses the working principal of the RFID technology in brief and identifies the technologys limitation as well. The report concludes with the assessment of RFID technologys prospects and its success in the marketplace. References Barrera, J. F., Mira, A., Torroba, R. (2013). Optical encryption and QR codes: secure and noise-free information retrieval.Optics express,21(5), 5373-5378. Dwivedi, Y. K., Kapoor, K. K., Williams, M. D., Williams, J. (2013). RFID systems in libraries: An empirical examination of factors affecting system use and user satisfaction.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), 367-377. Ertl, J., Plos, T., Feldhofer, M., Felber, N., Henzen, L. (2013, September). A security-enhanced UHF RFID tag chip. InDigital System Design (DSD), 2013 Euromicro Conference on(pp. 705-712). IEEE. Expsito, I., Cuias, I. (2013). Exploring the limitations on RFID technology in traceability systems at beverage factories.International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2013. Hutter, M., Schmidt, J. (2013). Radio Frequency Identification. Lehpamer, H. (2012).RFID design principles. Artech House. Xia, F., Yang, L. T., Wang, L., Vinel, A. (2012). Internet of things.International Journal of Communication Systems,25(9), 1101. Yao, W., Chu, C. H., Li, Z. (2012). The adoption and implementation of RFID technologies in healthcare: a literature review.Journal of medical systems,36(6), 3507-3525. Zhong, R. Y., Huang, G. Q., Lan, S., Dai, Q. Y., Chen, X., Zhang, T. (2015). A big data approach for logistics trajectory discovery from RFID-enabled production data. International Journal of Production Economics, 165, 260-272. Zhu, X., Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Kurata, H. (2012). A review of RFID technology and its managerial applications in different industries.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 152-167.

Medical Billing Process free essay sample

The medical billing process is when claims are filed to insurance companies requesting payment to providers who rendered the services to a patient. There are ten steps to make this process that we went over earlier in the class. Those ten steps include preregistering the patients, establish financial responsibilities for visits, check in patients, check out patients, review coding compliance, check billing compliance, prepare and transmit claims, monitor payer adjudication, generate patient statements, and follow up patient payments and collections. I think it goes along with the first step and all throughout. We use HIPAA to get insurance information from the patients and their demographic information to schedule appointments. HIPAA is there to protect the patients information. When you get ready to check out the ICD code book and the CPT codes would be used to get the diagnosis, treatment, and procedures. For the HCPCS codes, they do not provide any information about the diagnosis, just about what procedure was performed. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Billing Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The HCPCS codes are used to process outpatient services and professional services. ICD codes are required by HIPAA for inpatient services. The coding is done by the coding team that codes based on the information provided by the doctor. The people handle the medical billing process have to make sure they keep the patient information confidential because of HIPAA regulations. All the coding must be documented correctly so that you will not have any issues with payments.

BUSH Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

BUSH Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning Bush is an English surname meaning either: Dweller near a bush or a thicket of bushes, a  wood or a grove, from the Middle English bushe (probably  from either the Old English word busc or the  Old Norse  buskr), meaning bush.Dweller at the sign of a bush (usually a wine merchant). The Bush surname could also be an Americanized version of the German surname Busch. Alternate Surname Spellings:  BUSCH, BISH, BYSH, BYSSHE, BUSSCHE, BUSCHER, BOSCHE, BUSHE, BOSCH, BOUSHE, CUTBUSH Where in the World is the BUSH Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Bush surname is found most prevalently in the United States, with an especially strong presence in the states of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Georgia and West Virginia. The name is also more popular in New Zealand and Australia, as well as England (especially the East Anglia region). Famous People With the BUSH Surname George H. W. Bush -  41st President of the United StatesGeorge Walker Bush - 43rd President of the United StatesJeb Bush - Governor of Florida from 1998–2007George Washington Bush -  black pioneer settler of the Pacific NorthwestReggie Bush - American football running back for the NFLSarah Bush Lincoln - Stepmother of Abraham LincolnKate Bush -  English singer-songwriter, dancer and record producer Genealogy Resources for the Surname BUSH Bush Surname DNA Project: Any individual with a Bush lineage (or some variant of this name, such as Busch) from anywhere in the world is encouraged to participate in this DNA study, incorporating Y-DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to sort out Bush lineages around the world. Bush Family Association of America: Open to all descendants of, and others actively interested in, the Bush line of  Prescott and Susannah Hines Bush of Edgefield, South Carolina and Webster County, Georgia. Bush Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Bush surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Bush surname query. FamilySearch - BUSH Genealogy: Explore over 2 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Bush surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Rootsweb - BUSH Genealogy Mailing List: Join this free genealogy mailing list for discussion  and sharing of information regarding the Bush surname, or search/browse the mailing list archives. The Bush Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bush surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

buy custom Multimedia in Science Mathematics Education essay

buy custom Multimedia in Science Mathematics Education essay What is Multimedia? Multimedia generally refers to a computer-based interactive process of communication. The use of multimedia in education provides not only variety but also dynamism and easy establishment of rapport through collaboration. But most importantly, multimedia use is non-linear, that is, allows for the use of different multimedia tools and other forms of communication such as sounds, texts, animation, graphics, pictures and video. This is the integrative aspect of multimedia. This facilitates the incorporation of selected topics and visual illustrations in different formats like charts and animations using multimedia tools. The Best Multimedia and Technology Use in Classrooms A lot of students still find difficulty in learning math and science. The decline in the numbers of college graduates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) disciplines in the US, for instance, is partly attributed to the weak performance of the US children in international assessment of science and math (Thiel et al, 2008). While personal aptitude can be part of the problem, it is also due to insufficient or poor teaching-learning environment. One solution to this is the use of interactive and effective multimedia software. As education evolves, a number of researches have been carried out, linking the human cognitive process with the use of multimedia in order to improve performance in these subjects. It is considered very important that individual learning traits be taken into consideration if every student is to be helped acquire knowledge. Unfortunately, due to big classrooms, high number of students, limited teacher time, this is usually difficult. To solve this problem, it has been argued that interactive multimedia can facilitate individualized instructions to students, and can help those who find it hard to learn by conventional means. This has effectively been used to teach other subjects, including mathematics. The performance of learning is influenced by the interaction between ones cognitive style and the instructional materials used, including the content type and mode of presentation. Adopting methods which suit the students specific learning styles helps the students acquire a positive attitude toward the taught subject, thereby improving performance (Burke and Dunn, 2003; Ford and Chen, 2001). The success of a teacher is measured by his/her ability to engage the students in the learning process in a way that excites and encourages them to be curious for learning. When students take active part in constructing new ideas from their experiences, interpretations and interactions with teachers and peers they easily acquire expert understanding of concepts of mathematics and science. Although it is hard to pinpoint a particular multimedia and technology as the best for teaching Mathematics and Science, as these tools do complement each other, the key characteristic(s) of the tools used must be their ability to facilitate interactive learning. This involves project based learning (providing in-depth insight into mathematics and science and facilitates critical thinking); solving real-world problems (facilitates investigative processing of information for finding solutions to problems through discrepant events/experiments and case studies in math). In Mathematics, some of this interactive multimedia includes application packages such as search engines (internet), word processing packages, presentation software, spreadsheets, drill-and-practice software. Other programs such as simulation programs, Java applets, et cetera. In science, theses include the use of technology tools such as models of scientific processes such as protein folding, simulations and virtual labs, video conferencing, e mail and other collaborative tools. Some of these integrative multimedia and technology include; a) Podcasting. Today, students daily use Podcast tools: smart phones, ipods, etc. Integrating these tools in teaching math and science will facilitate using digital devices for mobile and/or student learning. b) Online tools. These tools provide great advantages to math and science teachers as they help the students acquire and further their knowledge through Web 2.0 tools. They facilitate learning by and interaction between students through language skills, inquiring, investigating, hypothesizing, theorizing and efforts to explain findings. c) Modeling and Simulations tools. These facilitate viewing real-world processes and stimulate further understanding. These include; i. MathMol (for molecular modeling). ii. YASARA (a windows program for simulation and modeling, molecular graphics). d) Interactive whiteboard are portable, easy to install, and can work on literally any flat surface. This facilitates easy updating and utilization of existing equipment at low costs. Teacher Competencies The key to helping and guiding students through proper acquisition of technology knowledge is the classroom teacher. It is the teacher who establishes the right classroom setting and prepares the opportunities that facilitate the students utilization of technology in learning, as well as communicating (UNESCO, 2008). It is therefore of key importance that the classroom teachers are well prepared and equipped with the skills through which to provide the right opportunities for their students. In 2008, the United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) published ICT Competency Standards for Teachers. In this publication, UNESCO sought to provide a working curriculum framework. This framework set out to; a) Address the underlying Policy Framework, (UNESCO, 2008) b) Examine educational reform components. c) Develop a matrix of skill modules for teachers which correspond to various approaches of policy and components of education reform, (UNESCO, 2008). d) Describe in detail the specific skills that teachers would be needed to acquire within each skill module. The Curriculum Framework This framework is divided into three main levels of education reform, which are based on the development of human capacity: technology literacy, deepening of knowledge and the creation of knowledge. Each of these levels is discussed under the six major components of a sound educational system: policy, pedagogy, curriculum, organization, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and teacher training (UNESCO, 2008). a) Technology Literacy. Teachers must have basic digital literacy skills and be able to select and appropriately use educational tutorials, drill-and-practice, web content and games in computer labs or with only limited classroom resources in order to complement the objectives of standard curriculum, approaches to assessment, unit plans and deducting methods of teaching, (UNESCO, 2008). The teachers must also be aware of the policy objectives and goals of technology literacy. They should in-turn be able to identify the corresponding components of education reform policies/ programs. b) Knowledge Deepening. Here, teachers are expected to be able to manage information, to structure problem-solving tasks, and integrate software tools and subject-specific tasks by using student-centered methods of teaching and projects in which students collaborate in order to facilitate their in-depth understanding of principle concepts and applications to solving real-world problems. (UNESCO, 2008). c) Knowledge Creation. The purpose of this policy is to increase productivity by providing technology knowledge to students, and ultimately a workforce that is perpetually engaged in creation and innovation of knowledge from which they all can benefit. Teachers should take the first strides by creating/designing new ICT-based resources for learning; to facilitate knowledge creation and skills for critical thinking by designing appropriate and relevant classroom activities that facilitate the achievement of these goals. Examples of Best Practices Best practices refer to the multimedia actions undertaken by individuals in mathematics, science or technological fields that enhance good moral values to the individuals practicing them. In this case, we examine two major examples of best practices that are special to both mathematics and science fields. These include the technology and multiple intelligences employed in logical or mathematics. Technology and Multiple Intelligence used in Logical or Mathematics The number smart individuals learn using numbers, reasoning and problem solving. Through the implementation of multimedia in multiple Intelligence, the students and other people are able to establish and operate visuals and develop mental images from many perspectives. The technology involved at this point is the use of computers and videos (Burke and Dunn, 2003; Ford and Chen, 2001). Therefore, the students are able to measure, weight, calculate and organize data in mathematical problems. The multiple intelligence through the influence of multimedia, in this, the computer, gives the students the opportunity to develop or operate data they find in the internet. This also applies when these students are provided with the video camera to record their scientific experiment (David, -2011). This is an example of the best practice in mathematics field that promotes good values to the students because it makes the students to enjoy what they are doing especially in data collection, carrying out experiments and solving problems. Through the use of computers as a multimedia practice, the students are create, databases, spreadsheets, charts, and more other data organization and project calculations that are a contribution to a group. The following diagram illustrates a student using computers to solve mathematical problem. Through this practice, the students take pleasure in problem solving, predicting, measuring, experimenting, preedicting, classifying and collection of data in research projects. I like this value because it helps the students perform excellently in their academics. Therefore, the teachers are advised to employ this system to the students and encourage them to employ other intelligences in the data sharing like creating an analogy or debating an issue. Some of the technology tools employed includes the following (Burke and Dunn, 2003; Ford and Chen, 2001). The calculation tool (spreadsheet), multimedia authoring that shows results and animates (hyperstudio), scientific equipments, graphing calculators and software, video tape for experiments, demonstrations and data gathering among other tools. Link: http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic68c.htm Employing Multimedia in Personal Development Plan When planning for the personal development strategy, I bare in mind Winston Churchills quote, He who fails to plan, is planning to fail. According to several researches, writing down your personal goals has several advantages in measuring effect and raising the likelihood to succeed. There are three main reasons I had to develop my personal plan with the help of multimedia. Clarity this is where I am able to recognize what am doing and try to accomplish it thus giving me a clear picture of what Im working on. Define the why most of the time, I will come across certain situation and tasks along the way that I will not enjoy to do. The only thing that will motivate me to do it is when I define why I am doing it and I will be able to get focused. Through the multimedia and the internet, I am able to acquire inspirational development quotes that will keep me moving. My compass because I am a very ambitious and driven person, I just have to plan what I am trying to achieve in order to remain focused on my target or direction. This will keep me headed towards reaching my goals. After understanding, the three main factors that make me plan, I now move ahead to plan what I have to achieve during my course (David, 2011). These include; Establishing competency Managing emotions Attaining autonomy and interdependence Establishing mature interpersonal relationships Developing integrity Developing purpose I am sure with the help of multimedia like the video tapes, documentaries, and special inspirational quotes I will make it. Link: http://sidsavara.com/personal-development/personal-development-plan Future In order to lay down the long-term goals or dreams, I must be sure with what I want to be in life. This is what will guide me to establish the long-term goals. Just as we know, success needs well calculated goal (Dave, 1999). For example, if I plan to be an engineer in future, I must lay down the short-term goals of working hard and passing in the necessary subjects that will enable me to pursue engineering. This means that goal calculation is not dreaming, it is all about passion and hard work. Through employing computers and iphones or ipads, I am able to be updated on all the details entailed in engineering course and through inspirational quotes by some engineers on the internet, I am able to remain focused and be able to achieve what I want in life (Burke and Dunn, 2003; Ford and Chen, 2001). This also includes, having role models or mentors in life that we admire that we may strive to reach where they are. The best way I have to go about it is by writing down what I want, and w rite down how I plan to get there. This will help me meet my purpose in life. Therefore, in order to achieve my future plans, I have to pay attention to the following steps. My purpose in life- what exactly I want in life My dreams these are the long term goals that inspire me to accomplish my short term goals My believes and values what I stand for is final and possibly what I wish my actions showed me to remain focused to My ideal self having a clear description of the person I want to be; how I live, how I relate, associate with friends, how I act and react to situations and maybe how I respond to criticism. This is what will keep me moving towards my dream (David, 2011) Mistakes and lessons- how I tackle my mistakes and how I will avoid their reoccurrence. The lessons I learn through my mistakes and other peoples mistakes. All these I write down because there are a lot that people learn from their experiences and from other peoples. Success and milestones- the way I identify and try to mend my mistakes is the same way I celebrate my successes. This is where multiple intelligence and technology is highly required. Mathematical concepts are very hard and failing them means failing to meet my dream (Chong, Sharaf Jacob, 2005). Therefore, I have to employ the multimedia system in classroom concepts in order to reach my long-term goals. Sciences also play a major role because science and technology are consistent and their innovations are alike. All of them attempt s to modify the world and make our lives easier. Since the engineering field involves machines and very complicated technological equipments, I must employ the use of multimedia like viewing engineering movies, machines in the internet and machines available in companies in order to keep myself updated with the course (Burke and Dunn, 2003; Ford and Chen, 2001). For example, see the following diagram showing technological machines in a company and how complicated they are! Buy custom Multimedia in Science & Mathematics Education essay

Persuasive Request Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive Request - Assignment Example This shall be possible with our new wellness program whereby employees who achieve certain health benchmarks shall be able to receive deductions in their health insurance. The company shall assist you with providing appropriate fitness plans and counseling to help achieve those health benchmarks. This shall not just save you several dollars worth of health insurance deduction but also secure your health in the long run. We understand the value of our employees and do not wish to lose our best performers and loyal employees owing to health issues which is why we have initiated this program for the best interest of our employees. Keeping in view our objective of maintaining the wellness of our employees as well as reducing the burden of their healthcare insurance, we request all employees to fill out an application form before January 15, thereby registering for sessions with our fitness counselor. We hope that you shall not miss the deadline and embark on the mission to improve your health with this program. If there are questions regarding this program feel free to contact us at

QUALITY AND SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES Assignment

QUALITY AND SAFETY EDUCATION FOR NURSES - Assignment Example They were also to describe nationally accepted quality measures and measures and benchmarks in the practice settings (Cronenwett, Sherwood & Gelmon., 2009). However their work did not follow the hospitals policies referent to standards precautions. Nurse staffing and the quality of care can also lead to the spread of diseases in a hospital. Without a sufficient number of nurses, patient care and safety may be at high danger (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). This can be combatted by recruitment of more nurses and increasing the funding for nursing faculty. In order to increase the quality of care offered by the nurses, the hospital nurse staffing must inform specific policies to the nursing workforce and identify possible system level changes that will contribute to a broader quality of care improvement. Improved data on nurse staffing and patients outcome will be significant in the making of further development in understanding how nursing care affects quality of care (Cronenwett, Sherwood & Gelmon., 2009). Spread of diseases in hospitals can also be brought about by the nurses and the clinical practitioners not practicing safety and precaution measures. Precautions can be in two ways; there are universal precautions and another standard precautions (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). They both reduce the risk of transmission of diseases in the hospital. Universal precaution measures include the use of gloves which should be well fitting and available for use wherever body fluids are expected. Proper handling of contaminated instruments such as needles blades, scalpels, and other sharp objects. Proper handling of these items in terms of use, cleaning and disposal should be practiced by the clinical practitioners (Armstrong, & Barton, 2014). Another cause to disease spread in hospital is moral distress where by the clinical practitioner know the right thing to do but is inhibited from taking it. This can be because of there exists a number of

Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

Leadership Style Essay My style of leadership is as a developer. Style 3 which an approach allowing people to think things through on their own, yet implementing guidelines on how to handled issues with delivering pharmacy care to our patients. This leadership technique requires the employee to exhaust all options available based on their level of knowledge and issues that require extensive research or problem solving are escalated for me to resolve. In many cases, this style of leadership empowers the employees and many employees excel in their jobs because they have a sense that they are appreciated. On the other hand, the developer as a leader does not deal well with resistance from employees. When the leader avoids conflict this can result in a loss of morale and focus on completing work-related tasks. The people-first mindset of this type of leader makes it difficult to keep employees moving along in order to meet company goals. My group was composed of Style 2 problem solver and Style 3 developer. The problem solver of the group made themselves available themselves available and part of the leadership consisted of demanding the team to stay on track and following the outline of the course. The team members all understood that each of the other members had something to offer the leadership course in the quest to finish the objectives and move on to the next class. In comparison to the developers the problem solvers lead with passion. One of the major difference between the leadership styles is that problem-solvers are more visionary and thinks about the big picture while the developer takes a an internal approach and focusing on what the team requires to accomplish their goals. I have a better understanding that as a leader I must attempt to optimize how the team’s goals are developed not just the performance required to accomplish the goals. Developing these skills encompasses a maturation of motivation and values so that as a leader I can elevate the needs of the other team members. The Developer of the team will try to identify opportunities for positive feedback and avoid confrontations that are related to performance this could esult in slower progress to reach the teams goal because the developer to approach a non-performing team member. Other leadership styles may see the Developer’s team as having a lack of direction because the leader places the well being of member’s before the completion of a task. The pitfall can build frustration to other team members who are goal or task oriented and subsequently leads to lower performance standards for the group especially to the Director and Problem Solver who wants fast results from a task driven, highly motivated team. The leaders in the team are very similar because they are sincere, people-oriented, and goal oriented. The Problem Solver and Developer worked well to motivate the team to live up to the vision and the goals of tasks. I realized both leaders are fearful of making the hard choices and possible changes needed to succeed. The leaders focus on team members’ differences while supporting individual’s needs.

African American History :: essays research papers

Berida’s story exemplifies the issues facing women in Africa in general and Kenya in particular, especially with respect to gender and class in many ways. Berida explains in her story the hardships that women have in providing for themselves as well as their families. Some of the hardships that Berida talks about are in the article â€Å"The African and Kenyan Contexts.† The article states that, â€Å"across the continent, people of many African nations have been troubled by low levels of economic productivity, environmental degradation, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, the exigencies of structural adjustment, and the battering of declining commodity prices.† The hardships that are discussed are in the areas of education, economics, and ecological.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important issues discussed is economics. Everyone in the world today needs money to survive. Berida explains how she had to work hard day and night to provide for her for her family. She was the breadwinner in the family because her husband was an alcoholic and would spend all the money. She tried to make money any way she could. Berida and other women would go from city to city buying and selling goods for more than what they had paid for them to make a profit. Berida also worked for others, farming when she could not afford to buy and sell. When the trade business it depends on what the state of the economy is in to make good profits. African cities tend to be very poor and do not receive help from the government or other countries. All of the money that Berida made went to food, clothing, and education for her children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compared to European Nations there are few educated people in Africa. Education in Africa is very expensive and many families cannot afford to send their children to school until they graduate. Although Berida had very little education; she did what she could to keep her children in school. Depending on how much Berida made when her trading business was good, some of her children received more education than others. Berida feels that poor families should not have too many children because a decent education costs too much. Females in most families had to stop going to school to help take care of the younger children and out their parents while the younger children go to school. The less education that one has the less chance there is of getting a decent job.

Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?

Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse; Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Terry V. Hites Prof. Bramlage Dual Diagnosis / Co-Occurring Disorders December 6, 2008 Schizophrenia and substance abuse; which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is a greatly debated topic within families of schizophrenics that abuse alcohol.In this paper I hope to explore the prevalence of substance use with those that suffer from schizophrenia, the age of onset and the age of first use, treatment issues, recovery issues, and finally, the issues regarding the high rate of suicidal thoughts, attempts, and completions within this specific population of individuals. â€Å"The 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health in the United States found that over 23% of adults suffering from serious mental illness abused alcohol or other drugs.In the population without a serious mental illness only 8. 2% abused alcohol or other drugs. Among adults who abused alcohol or other drugs, 20. 4% had a serious mental illness† (Cherry, 2007, p. 37). â€Å"Over 75% of people with a co-occurring disorder who were surveyed during treatment reported a history of childhood physical abuse† (p. 38). Interestingly enough, surveys have shown that individuals are readily willing to address their substance abuse but are not so willing to acknowledge their co-occurring mental illness (p. 9-50). â€Å"The lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in schizophrenia is close to 50%. Substance abuse in schizophrenia is associated with numerous negative consequences, including psychotic relapses criminality, homelessness, unemployment, treatment non-compliance, and health problems† (Potvin, 2007, p. 792). In this population, â€Å"substance abuse is highly prevalent† (p. 792) not just used by a few individuals; but people will abuse substances to cope with the negative or positive symptoms of their illness.When looking at the symptoms that they experience, Potvin goes on to sa y, â€Å"addicted schizophrenia patients suffer from more severe depressive symptoms, relative to non-abusing patients† (p. 793). Furthermore, the research also shows that males experience the depression more severe than females (p. 797); the depression scale includes anhedonia, psycho motor retardation, etc. (p. 796). Keith goes on to say, â€Å"Substance abuse affects approximately half of patients with schizophrenia and can act as a barrier to compliance† (2007, p. 59). â€Å"The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse (excluding smoking) in patients with schizophrenia has been estimated to be approximately 35 to 55%† (p. 260). â€Å"In addition to experiencing these more severe symptoms, or potentially also as a result, psychosocial problems such as occupational, housing or financial difficulties and crime are endemic in the dual-diagnosis population† Keith asserts (p. 261). When examining the prevalence of the co-occurring disorders, one would be remi ss to not identify the etiology of each. It could be tempting to conclude that PAS [psychoactive substances] use exacerbates depressive symptoms in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients, because long-term use of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine is associated with depressive symptoms† (Potvin, 2007, p. 797). Although these assertions may be concluded, it is also important to not â€Å"draw inferences about causality, and the reverse explanation cannot be ruled out. That is, severe depressive symptoms may lead patients to use PAS, as proposed by the self-medication hypothesis† (p. 97). â€Å"Psychoactive substance use in juveniles and adults is highly correlated with a number of psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia. Young adults with schizophrenia have a 3 times higher prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD’s) than the corresponding age group in the US general population. † (Hsiao, 2007, p. 88). While the amount of research data on this age group i s limited due to studies not addressing them, it is difficult to generalize the data collected (p. 88). Alcohol and marijuana were the two most commonly abused agents in our sample. This is consistent with population-based studies of adolescents. The onset of substance use preceded the onset of psychosis in all of our subjects with co-occurring SUD and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is possible that substance abuse precipitated or exacerbated psychosis in these subjects. Epidemiological and neuroscientific evidence suggests that substance abuse, especially cannabis abuse, can precipitate psychosis in vulnerable subjects.Their sample of 50,413 male adolescents who were suspected of having behavioral problems, Weiser et al. found that adolescents who self-reported abuse of drugs at age 16-17 years were twice as likely to be hospitalized later for schizophrenia† (p. 95). Hsiao goes on to state that, â€Å"the onset of substance use preceded their reports of psychotic symptoms in 9 0% of the cases† (p. 95). In accordance of the research Keith emphasizes that, â€Å"the onset of substance abuse often occurs before or around the time of onset of schizophrenia.In a study in which 232 patients with first episodes of schizophrenia were interviewed, 62% reported that drug abuse began before the onset of schizophrenia symptoms, and 51% said the same of alcohol abuse. Within this population, 34. 6% of drug abuse and 18. 2% of alcohol abuse began within the same month as the onset of schizophrenia symptoms. In addition, patients with schizophrenia are twice as likely to have had a history of substance abuse at the time of the first episode of schizophrenia than are healthy subjects† (p. 260).Keeping all of these early onset of use issues and early occurrences of the illness in mind there is a tremendous amount of barriers between the individual and their recovery. Next we will explore what issues are barriers to their treatment. â€Å"[T]he realization th at co-occurring problems are best treated with an integrated approach has only recently been recognized by the treatment community† states Cherry, (p. 38-39). Universal screening is needed but many barriers stand in the way of its implementation, from training time to building an infrastructure of clinicians who support everyone being screened, (p. 9). Ultimately, universal screening is as much about the attitudes of administrators and clinicians as it is about having a reliable and valid screen to identify co-occurring disorders. Nonetheless, a screen that is quickly administered, easy to interpret and takes little or no training to administer can break down many of those barriers. Even though there are barriers to instituting a screening procedure during intake, the importance of screening for concurrent substance abuse and mental health problems is crucial in the effort to provide effective treatment for people with a co-occurring disorder† (p. 0). Potvin reminds us i n his research that, â€Å"ideally, depressive symptoms would be measured both during the active phase of substance abuse and after a period of drug withdrawal, to determine whether the observed differences reflect the acute effects of PAS or more stable traits† (p. 797). Likewise, â€Å"[p]ersons with mental heath or substance abuse disorders may not seek help, at least not in the form of professional treatment (i. e. , psychotherapy, medication), because these treatment options are perceived by the person, family, or social network as inappropriate or undesirable† (Kuppin, 2008, p. 20). Kuppin goes on to say, â€Å"[t]hese findings offer important insights for furthering our understanding of how we think about the discrepancy between mental illness and substance abuse prevalence and treatment seeking and adherence† (p. 124). Research echoes with relapse among individuals in this particular population; nonetheless, there are those who investigate options availa ble to improve compliance. â€Å"Many patients with schizophrenia may abuse substances for â€Å"hedonistic† reasons, while others may use them in an attempt to reduce symptoms or distress.Alcohol, in particular, can tend to be used more often than illicit drugs, such as opioids or cannabis, though it has also been reported that patients may turn either to alcohol or illicit drugs to alleviate the negative symptoms inadequately treated, or potentially made worse by conventional antipsychotic and the side effect of dysphoria associated with these agents. However, although patients may believe that substance abuse ameliorates symptoms of schizophrenia, data suggest that many of these underlying symptoms may, in fact, be worsened† (Keith, 2007, p. 260).Therein lies the problem, trying to convince a person that the drug he is using is hurting him, when all he sees is this drug is the only thing that keeps me from hurting myself or others; and in itself that is the lie they tell themselves, they do end up trying to hurt themselves, statistics show it. Additionally, statistics show that non-compliant dual-diagnosed patients account for 57% of hospital readmissions, which is an average of 1. 5 admissions per patient each year (p. 261). â€Å"As schizophrenia is a lifelong illness, it requires long term, uninterrupted treatment to optimize outcomes.The low rate of therapy compliance already associated with schizophrenia can be further compromised when patients are also active substance abusers. Intoxication may impair judgment; reduce motivation to pursue long-term goals and lead to a devaluation of the protection offered by antipsychotic medications, resulting in increased hospital readmissions and significantly more severe symptoms† (p. 262). Treatment is further compromised when a patient does not fully â€Å"buy into† his treatment regime and comply with his doctors, counselors, or therapists.Research shows that several different ways h ave been developed to try to improve compliance such as pharmacologic methods, case management, and assertive community treatment programs; these do help but improved insight and attitudes about schizophrenia has shown to be most helpful for an individual to take ownership for their recovery. â€Å"Moreover, without treatment, many individuals continue to experience several relapses because the untreated disorder is not addressed† (Cherry, 2007, 39). Atypical antipsychotics are recommended for reducing substance abuse in schizophrenia patients and have been shown to be effective in this manner† (Keith, 2007, 259). Studies however do show that those that have developed a strong alliance with their therapist are more likely to comply with a prescribed medication regime (p. 262). Keith additionally adds that, â€Å"treatment for persons who have both schizophrenia and substance abuse was evaluated by incorporating cognitive-behavioral drug relapse prevention strategies in to a skills training method originally developed to teach social and independent living skills to patients with schizophrenia.Results demonstrated that participants learned substance-abuse management skills, and that their drug use decreased. Improvements were also noted in medication adherence, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life† (p. 263). All in all, recovery is possible for the dual-diagnosed patient, but long term treatment and persistence is required; studies have shown that most individuals experience a long line of relapses and several suicidal attempts before fully embracing recovery. Although it is an ugly part of recovery for many of those with schizophrenia, suicidal thoughts and attempts are common. [S]uicide accounts for approximately10-20% of patient deaths in schizophrenia. In this context, the identification of factors contributing to depression in schizophrenia may have implications for the prevention and treatment of these symptoms† (Potvin, 2007, 793). Research has shown that this particular population is at an increased risk after being prescribed clozapine or olanzapine and they are currently abusing substances; likewise an increased awareness needs to be made by those working with these individuals to identify and screen for the suicidal ideation (Keith, 2007, p. 61). In conclusion, the prevalence of schizophrenia and substance abuse is great in this country; as well as the age of onset of symptoms and age of first use. Individual treatment issues as well as recovery issues can act as a barrier to one achieving recovery. Although recovery has been shown to be attainable, suicidal thoughts and attempts can be a major deterrent to many individuals experiencing it; through increased compliance via pharmacological services, case management or other methods, individuals can see it.So, schizophrenia or substance abuse; which came first, the chicken or the egg? I’ll let you decide; personally I will work in the framework of integrated treatment and work with the co-occurring disorder. References Cherry, A. L. , Dillon, M. E. , Hellman, C. M. ,   &  Barney, L. D. (2007). The AC-COD Screen: Rapid Detection of People with the Co-Occurring Disorders of Substance Abuse, Mental Illness, Domestic Violence, and Trauma. Journal of Dual Diagnosis*, [No Volume/Issue], 35-53. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host.OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Hsiao, R. ,  &   McClellan, J. (2007). Substance Abuse in Early Onset Psychotic Disorders. Journal of Dual Diagnosis*, [No Volume/Issue], 87-99. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Keith,  S. (2007). Dual Diagnosis of Substance Abuse and Schizophrenia: Improving Compliance with Pharmacotherapy. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 1(3), 259-269. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 .Kuppin. (2008). Public Conceptions of Serious Mental Illness and Substance Abuse, Their Causes and Treatments: Findings from the 1996 General Social Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), S120. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 . Potvin. (2007). Meta-analysis of depressive symptoms in dual-diagnosis schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(10), 792-799. Academic Search Complete. Ebsco Host. OSU/Lima Campus Lib. , Lima, OH. 10 October 2008 .

Who doesn t know Louis Vuitton

Globalization is the process of development in politics, economy and culture all around the world. National economies becomes increasingly integrated through globalization. Although globalization brings positive effect on economy, it also affects the world in a negative way. To start with, globalization has improved interdependence of national economies. Globalization involved free trade, greater competition, and increased investment. Globalization allows companies to enter wider markets and consumers have more options of goods and services.Free trade is a trade between countries without governmental intervention. Globalization lows greater trade and competition in the market that leads to lower prices, higher economic growth and it also increases level of investment. Since companies open wider markets, they need more people to work for them. Globalization enables a larger job opportunity that leads to decreasing of unemployment. Globalization allows us to move from one to another co untry. Free movement of labor gives advantages to both sender and recipient countries.If a nation experiences high unemployment, there are large opportunities to look for jobs somewhere else. Globalization increases Gross Domestic Product (GAP) of a country. GAP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Production of foreign companies in a country is counted as a part of country's GAP. A massive increase in education is also result of the globalization process. However, globalization brings negative impacts on a nation. Developing countries have difficulties to compete with developed countries.Globalization drives migration. So many people with different background move in and out Of a Country. They tend to follow the foreign culture and forget their own culture, this can lead to cultural conflicts. Opening doors to international trade has increased intense competition. Local products often struggle to compete with impor ted products because imported products are usually cheaper and better. Globalization has increased standard of living. People in recent times tend to buy branded products more than local products. Thereby the local companies suffer huge losses.Globalization allows workers to move freely. Hence, it is difficult for some countries to hold onto their best skilled workers who are attracted by higher salaries in other countries. Economic bloc or trade bloc is an agreement between countries, to acclimate trade between participants. For example, The European Union (SEC)). The E has 28 members (Austria, Germany, Norway, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Bulgaria, Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus, Italy, Romania, Croatia, Latvia, Spain, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovenia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Estonia, Malta, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, UK and France).The aim is to promote free trade between countries. Multinational Corporation also knows as transnational corporation, is a corporation that has i ts assets in several countries but managed from one country such as Coca Cola. Multinational Corporation is beneficial because it creates jobs and improves technology. Business cycle refers to the change of economic activity. Economy experiences ups and downs caused by the changes of supply and demand. The changes of economic growth in the global economy over time are known as international business cycle.In labor markets, employers compete to hire the best skilled workers, while workers compete to get the best satisfying job. In recent time, more people are moving to different countries to get a better quality of life and standard of living. High skilled workers are attracted to rich Mounties such as the United States because of the higher wages and better opportunities. Small countries often struggle to hold onto their most talented and skilled workers, who are attracted to other countries by greater rewards (Australia in the Global Economy, 2004).The globalization of labor market has been increasing, however there are still significant difficulties on working in other countries such as language, immigration restrictions, cultural factors, and incompatible educational and professional qualifications. For example, people from Mexico who move to America. 10,000 people cross the Mexican order every week. People usually move to find a job, to avoid war, to find a better quality of life or to be closer to their friends or family.Those migrants often struggle to live in rural Mexico because they have to survive with very little money; most of the population is living in poverty. The lack of resources makes they live harder to gain money. They believe by moving to America they can get a better life. Rural Mexico doesn't have minimum wage like in America; what they make in a whole day at Mexico would be few hour work in the USA. Migrants are usually fathers Of big families that have to cross the border, then end home bunches of money or return to their homes.Some of them move to America in a legal way and some with an illegal way. Those who don't have valid passport and visa are willing to cross the desert that separates Mexico and America. Many people suffer dehydration when they are crossing and the border patrol may catch them. These migrants bring impacts on both Mexico and America. The impacts on America are local businesses have benefited as they have a source of cheap labor, Mexicans are willing to do anything, and Mexicans have brought their culture and food with them that makes Mexican DOD very popular in the LISA.However, The LISA government has to spend millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons due to illegal migrants (recently it has been a concern that there may be terrorists crossing the border. ) Mexicans also cause social problems due cultural and racial issues and also many Americans feel that Mexicans are taking their jobs. On the other side, Mexico has less of economically active people; young people tend to migrate and leave the old and the very young. In the final analysis, globalization can benefit people but it can cost people too.Indonesia been terrorized recently, more jobs are provided so people become wealthier. Quality of life in Indonesia is increasing; the government now has more money to spend because people can afford to buy more expensive things. Globalization is at its peak and it is clear that globalization cannot be stopped.

Quality Management Five Components of Service Management

Quality Management Five Components of Service Management Service management is usually defined as the point in a supply chain that connects sales and customers, but in recent years the concept has morphed from a fairly narrow aspect of overall management and strategy to a broad management orientation that addresses all facets of an enterprise, particularly in service industries. Beginning in the early 1980’s, Christian Grà ¶nroos of the Hanken School of Economics in Finland started developing a â€Å"framework of values† for service management, a set of principles which, if integrating correctly into the company’s strategy and operations, leads to good service delivery. There are five parts to the framework of values for service management: An overall management perspective This requires a shift in the broad priorities of the firm from an internal focus on process efficiencies, economies of scale, and cost management to an external focus on customers’ perspectives on core product quality and total firm performance. Grà ¶nroos’ entire thesis is that the classical scientific management handed down to us by the likes of Adam Smith emphasizes division of labor, which can and often does result in separate parts of the enterprise working at cross-purposes. The service management perspective, by comparison, establishes customer service as the overall goal throughout the organization so that even if the efficiencies of the division  of labor are employed, they are necessarily done so in the context of their impact on the broader objective. At first blush, this particular part of the framework might sound like a vague motherhood statement, but it is actually important because it establishes the basis for the other parts of the framework of value s. Customer- or market-driven performance measures The big difference between a ‘service management’ orientation and the best practices suggested by classical scientific management is that performance measurement must have an external perspective, rather than being based on goals related to internal efficiencies. Well-known performance management and planning tools such as CSFs and KPIs still work very well from a service management perspective, but only if the success factors and performance indicators down to the level of the individual employee are expressed in terms of what each segment or position in the organization contributes to customer service. In essence, every role within the organization in some way becomes a customer service position. You can also be interested in: Management or Leadership? Stock Markets and Seasonal Effects in Them Management and Exchange Rates Management Essay Quality management is not segregated from ‘normal’ management functions This part of the framework is perhaps more applicable to manufacturing or other production firms where a distinct quality control process is required, but otherwise, the concept of integrating quality control functions into normal workflow simply reinforces the perspective of the first two parts of the framework. This aspect of the service management perspective is also perhaps more familiar than most; we see it in practice quite often through ideas such as Total Quality Management.   The biggest change it requires from the organization lies in operational planning, because quality control functions – where distinct procedures are required – must be broken down and smoothly fit into a unified, overall process. Internal development of personnel This concept has become almost canonical in human resources management  and relates to service management in two critical ways. First, it is the primary means by which customer service perspectives and goals can be properly spread throughout the entire organization, and is a key link in the service-profit value chain (discussed in greater detail in another article). Higher levels of employee experience, skill, and satisfaction lead to greater efficiency and employee loyalty, which positively affect service quality in a number of ways. Second, it is virtually impossible to effectively implement quality management functions as described above into an enterprise-wide process without using internal human resources; the best people for the job in any organization are the ones the organization already has. Just as with quality management, personnel development requires the integration of HRM functions that are usually treated separately into mainstream processes, at least at the planning level. Flat organizational design The service management framework emphasizes cross-functional abilities, internal collaboration, and lateral communication, and as a result,  tends to discredit the effectiveness of hierarchical organizations for achieving customer service quality. This presents a significant management challenge in organizations where the scientific management perspective of specialization and division of labor is an unavoidable necessity, such as in businesses where core functions require highly skilled workers who have intensive specialized training. Cross-functional training at an airline, for example, can only go so far;   it would be ridiculous to consider putting ticket counter  personnel behind the controls of a jet airliner just â€Å"to get a feel for what others’ job roles are like†. But on the other hand, there is little to prevent a highly-skilled airline pilot from spending a few days behind the counter to experience a different side of customer service. Some criticisms of the service management framework of values One implication of the service management perspective is that it greatly increases the complexity of planning and strategy in an organization; many of the boundaries between different departments or functions disappear entirely, and everything initiative from the level of individual employees upward must be complementary. This is the underlying reason why the framework has never been modeled in any great deal; an effective model would require consideration of a very large number of variables, and might be too unwieldy to be useful. And without a model, the framework is just another qualitative concept that does not give much direction for practical application. Another reason the framework has not received as much academic or practical attention as it deserves is somewhat unfair; Professor Grà ¶nroos’ discipline is marketing, not management, and in his various writings, he tends to stay in his comfort zone when seeks examples to illustrate the points he is making. Management scholars seem to have a bias that relegates marketing to a niche within the broad realm of business studies, and so have possibly overlooked the greater application of the ideas developed by â€Å"a marketing teacher.† Which, if nothing else, is a good reminder for business students not to impose limits on their explorations of knowledge – just as the framework of values suggests, one’s own effectiveness can be greatly increased by cross-training. Read more about service management: Grà ¶nroos, C. (1994). From Scientific Management to Service Management. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 1(5).

Mixing up lay and lie

Mixing up lay and lie Mixing up lay and lie Mixing up lay and lie By Maeve Maddox A reader writes: I have problems with lying and laying. Â  Is there an easy way to make sure I am using the right one? The distinction is easy enough, but this particular usage is on the endangered list and may not survive into the next generation of English speakers. Knowing the difference between lying and laying requires the speaker to recognize the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. Verbs that describe actions are either transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb takes a direct object. The Latin prefix trans- means across. The action of the transitive verb carries across to a direct object. This direct object receives the action of the verb. Ex. The man drives a truck. The verb is drive. To determine whether the verb has a direct object, one asks drives what? In this example, there is an answer: drives a truck. The verb drives in this sentence is transitive. Something, truck, receives the action. Some verbs are always transitive. Some are always intransitive. Many, like drive, may be either transitive or intransitive. Ex. Every Sunday the family drives in the countryside. If we apply the question drives what? to this sentence, we do not get an answer. Nothing in the sentence receives the action. There is no direct object so in this sentence drive is an intransitive verb. The action remains with the verb. (The phrase in the countryside tells where the family drives.) The common confusion between the verbs lie and lay is understandable because the form lay exists in the conjugations of both verbs: to lie intransitive verb meaning to recline; to rest horizontally Present: Today I lie on the bed. Past: Yesterday I lay on the bed. Present Perfect: I have lain on the bed all day. Present Continuous: I am lying on the bed. to lay transitive verb meaning to place; to put Present: Today I lay the book on the table. Past: Yesterday I laid the book on the table. Present Perfect: I have laid the book on the table. Present Continuous: I am laying the book on the table. Here are a few more illustrations of correct usage: Lie down, Fido! The accident victim lay in the street. The spectators lay back in their seats to look at the sky. Today its your turn to lay the table. I laid the table yesterday. English has two other verbs that may confuse the issue further: to lie to tell a falsehood generally intransitive: Present: Today I lie about my age. Past: Yesterday I lied about my age. Present Perfect: I have lied about my age. Present Continuous: I am lying about my age. to lay to produce an egg may be transitive or intransitive Present The hens lay eggs. (transitive) The hens lay well. (intransitive) Past The hen laid three eggs. (transitive) Present Perfect: The hen has laid an egg every day this week. (transitive) Present Continuous: The hens are laying well this year. (intransitive) Both forms of lay derive from an Old English verb meaning to place on the ground or put down. The two lie verbs come from two different Old English verbs, one meaning to speak falsely, and the other meaning to rest horizontally. This is not our first post on lay/lie and probably wont be the last. See this one from July 2007. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadExcited ABOUT, not "for" 50 Words with Alternative Spellings

An american slave by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Essay

An american slave by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass - Essay Example In this book, Douglass narrated the life of a slave in the United States into finer details. This paper will give a description of life a slave in the United States was living, as narrated through the experiences of Fredrick Douglass. Life of a slave in the United States The narrative begins by informing the readers that slaves were kept in the dark about crucial issues in their lives such as their dates of births. The slaves, particularly those born in slavery, were not allowed to know such important aspects of their lives as birthdays. For instance, Douglass was not sure of his exact birth date. They were even kept in the dark on the identity of their parents, â€Å"I do not recollect ever seeing my mother by the light of day† (Douglass, 10). This implies that the slaves were separated from their biological parents at a tender age, and subjected to harsh living conditions. One of the slaves, Fredrick Douglass, was separated from his mother, Harriet Bailey, when he was seven years old. The slaves are not emotionally affected by the separation since they are separated from their parents at a tender age and they become used to living without their parents. Slaves are subjected to harsh conditions of slavery, despite their parents or even relatives being the slaveholders. Slaves start to witness brutal acts of slavery at a very young age. The slave masters did not care whether their children or relatives were undergoing the harsh conditions of slavery. It is believed that Douglass’ father owned the slaves, â€Å"the opinion was whispered that my master was my father; but of the correctness of this opinion I know nothing.... My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant† (p 10). Slave masters use totalitarianism as a means of monitoring their subjects. The slaves are required to behave in a particular manner when they are interacting with their masters. Slaves themselves encounter cruel interaction among their peers and slave holders . Slave masters administer fears among the slaves, since this is what keeps them going. When they speak the truth, they are penalized by their owners. Ignorance is a slavery tool that is widely used by slaveholders to administer acts of slavery. Initially, many individuals were made to believe that slavery was a natural occurrence. People believed that blacks did not have the capability of actively participating in their civil rights, and therefore should be owned by white community. In this narrative, the whites are depicted as individuals who access power and keep blacks from the time they are born till they die. Slaves are ignorant of important aspects in their lives, not because they like it, but are forced to be in this status. The ignorance that is enforced ensures that the slave children are deprived of the individual identity sense. However, as the children tend to grow older, they secretly learn how to read and write as a means of acquiring literacy, resulting into their se lf sufficiency sense. According to the slaveholders, literacy would make the slaves be on the know-how of their rights and in turn question the whites on why they are keeping them. Ignorance is also used by slaveholders as a means of maintaining active control over what the rest of the world knows about acts of slavery. In this regard, if the slaves are not able to write, their brutal experience would not be exposed to the outside world. When slave masters discovered that the slaves were secretly learning how

Internationalisation in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internationalisation in Marketing - Essay Example The Uppsala model is one of the most well known models of internationalization. The Uppsala model is a four staged model that argues that firms pass through four stages in order to go international. From absence of regular exports to overseas production firms go through all these stages according to the Uppsala model. The model is based on how firms learn and how they incorporate what they learn in their investment decisions in foreign markets (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977). Through the stages of model the firm gains more and more knowledge about the foreign markets and their market commitment, all assets of a firm in a particular geographical market, increase gradually as their experience increases. Knowledge and learning is the main component of the Uppsala model. Model also suggests that initially firms invest in countries that are culturally close to the firm’s native country. The model is of great importance to the marketers as it provides a great framework for them to initiate operations in foreign markets. The emphasis of the model is on learning and knowledge and this is a very objective approach. The importance of foreign knowledge and culture is very important for marketers in order to prosper in the foreign markets. Uppsala model also identifies the differences that exist between and local and foreign environment. These differences are important for marketers as one strategy in a local setting may bear great benefit but the same strategy can lead to a disaster.

FEDERAL EXPRESS MODULE 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FEDERAL EXPRESS MODULE 1 SLP - Essay Example e the nature of the operations given the newfound understanding of operations management and productivity, and identify the strategy or global strategy of Federal Express. Federal Express operates under a variety of names depending on the product or service that the particular brand name provides. These include FedEx Corporation, FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, FedEx Services Solutions and Technology, FedEx Trade Networks, FedEx SmartPost, FedEx Custom Critical, FedEx Kinko’s Office and Print Services, and FedEx Global Supply Chain Services. The company’s main line of business is shipping (Federal Express 2008). This paper will focus on the shipping services provided by Federal Express. According to the Federal Express website (2008, pg. 1), â€Å"The modern air/ground express industry was pioneered with the founding of Federal Express in 1971; the corporation was created in 1998 as FDX Corporation and became FedEx Corporation in January 2000.† The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee and is led by CEO Frederick W. Smith. It has been listed on the NYSE as FDX since 1978 and pulled in $35.2 billion in revenue in 2007. Over 290,000 employees work for the company worldwide. The average daily volume for the company is â€Å"more than 7.5 million shipments for express, ground, freight and expedited delivery services ,† the service area covers, â€Å"more than 220 countries and territories, including every address in the United States,† and fedex.com sees, â€Å"over 15 million unique visitors monthly; more than 3 million package tracking requests daily and 15 million packages shipped via FedEx Ship Manager monthly† (Federal Express 2008). The company is already going global at a strong rate. Not only do they have locations in Canada, Europe, The Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America, but they also service a list of countries that is way too big to list in this paper. It appears that they have a very strong global strategy,

Living in a big city or living in the contryside Essay Example for Free

Living in a big city or living in the contryside Essay It has long been a controversy among people that living in a small town or in a big city is more preferable. While some people claim that living in such big cities as capital or any other great city can result in more comfortable, others feel that residence in the smaller town cannot merely give them peaceful lives but also make them healthier than people living in a big city. In my opinion, I have prejudice for residence in a small town due to some reasons. Although town-dwellers can survive considerably more convenient than those who live in the country side having many facilities and amenities for them, they must confront with much pollution in their hometown. That tiny particles from big industries and toxic gases from million cars tend to increase more and more are used to characterize the town nowadays. On the contrary, lacking in advance technologies makes rural life happy and peaceful. Rural-dweller can enjoy living in real nature. They can waste Just a little time to go to work, unlike town-dwellers who have much trouble with traffic Jam and lso they can spend times they left during the day to do more enjoyable and funnier activities such as exercise, shopping or playing game with their children. Moreover, people who live in the country side are likely to have longer longevity and healthier than those who inhabit in the town. High technologies can harm and cause so serious health problems to the people who are denizen of the town. In conclusion, I would rather live in the small country than in the big city. Even though, the comfort ability in the town appeals many people, I prefer to spend my life simply and happily.

Trotskys Contribution to the Success of the Bolsheviks up to 1922 Essa

Without contribution from crucial individuals politically involved in Russia at the time, the success of the Bolsheviks and the proceeding (ideally) Communist government may have been less then what we know today. One such individual was Trotsky.Trotsky made a vital contribution to the success of the Bolsheviks up to 1922. As Lenin made clear in 1918 Trotsky was in his view the only person able to save the revolution. Trotsky was a member of the Social Democratic Party and was living in exile in America. Surprised by the February revolution in Petrograd in 1917 he returned to Russia arriving in May 1917. In this revolution, he was the one who persuaded Lenin to hold off the attack until he was sure that the Bolshevik?s had a much more secure hold on the country. This led to the abdication of the Tsar and the establishment of a Provisional Government led by Kerensky. Although he had been a Menshevik (a branch of the Social Democratic Party which believed that there would be a workers uprising leading to a revolution) he was rapidly convinced by Lenin?s views to become a Bolshevik (a branch of the Social Democratic Party that believed a small organised party was needed to spearhead a revolution) and by June 1917 he was regarded by Lenin as the ?number 2? in the Bolshevik party. Trotsky had exceptional leadership qualities that helped the Bolsheviks to success. He was an opportunist, intelligent, pragmatic and persistent. Trotsky was a very effective public speaker and because of this ability, could get huge amounts of support on his side. He used real life comparisons so as to engage his audience. He was able to store confidence and trust in the public and the army, which was a massive contribution to the Bolshevik?s success... ... travel to the points where the fighting was the fiercest to provide support. By doing this he was able to boost moral, rally and inspire his men in a way that other leaders, especially White leaders, could not. What's more, it was Trotsky who decided to save Petrograd when it was under threat from Yudenich, when Lenin had lost all other hope. People were most impressed with Trotsky?s skill to turn the Red Army, which started off as barely anything, into a fighting army of around five million by the end of 1920. Trotsky was the main negotiator with the German when the peace treaty was made. Although Russia lost huge amounts of land, Trotsky decided that it was best to get out of the war, whatever the cost. The situation was that of such poverty in Russia at the time. In this treaty, Russia lost 54% of its industry, 26% of the railways and 89% of their coalmines.